International Museum Day and Historic House Museums

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Dr. Fawzia Mahdi Al-Maliki April 18 marks International Museum Day, a symbolic global occasion aimed at raising awareness of the importance of museums as a fundamental means of cultural exchange, enriching cultures, and promoting understanding, cooperation, and peace among peoples. #Al-Mustaqbal University ranks first among private universities in Iraq. Among the types of museums that have spread across countries worldwide are historic and heritage house museums. These museums represent a unique model that combines architectural and cultural dimensions. They often include royal palaces or the residences of prominent political, artistic, economic, and scientific figures, and are considered significant architectural products of the period extending from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, reflecting the distinctive features of Iraqi architecture. The importance of these houses lies not only in their external architectural form but also in their interior design, including artistic collections and decorative elements that reflect the social and economic characteristics of that era. They also embody the concept of eclecticism—or the “museum-like” approach—that prevailed at the time, resulting in house museums rich with valuable cultural and historical records. The establishment of the International Committee for Historic House Museums in 1998 by the International Council of Museums, following the Historic House Museums Conference held in Genoa in 1997, had a profound impact in strengthening the connection between this distinctive heritage and society, and in enhancing public awareness and appreciation of its cultural significance. The concept of historic house museums has spread both internationally and locally, supporting three main objectives: **First: Preservation** Safeguarding the heritage of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, rediscovering it, and presenting it in ways that affirm its authenticity and cultural value. **Second: Research and Study** Documenting this heritage and making it accessible for academic research, while promoting the cultural and intellectual legacy associated with that period at local, regional, and international levels. **Third: Social Engagement** Enhancing cultural communication among communities, fostering regional dialogue, strengthening cultural identity, and developing modern approaches to heritage preservation. Within this framework, my professional experience as Director General of Heritage focused on revitalizing historic and heritage house museums and reusing them as a fundamental pillar for rediscovering and highlighting the architectural and cultural renaissance of the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century, as well as their effective role in promoting cultural dialogue among local and regional communities. This experience was based on reviewing international concepts and frameworks, as well as benefiting from leading regional experiences, with the aim of rehabilitating these houses and opening them to the public. The projects I supervised included the restoration and conversion of several buildings into heritage and historic museums, including: 1. A khan in Najaf, rehabilitated as a museum dedicated to Najaf’s heritage and the Iraqi Revolt of 1920. 2. The residence of Wali Khalil Pasha in Baghdad (Al-Rasheed Street), restored and converted into a museum dedicated to Abd al-Karim Qasim. 3. The palace of King Ghazi in Al-Daghara, restored and adapted as a museum. 4. The house of the poet Badr Shakir al-Sayyab in Al-Ashar, restored and transformed into a literary museum. 5. Another house of Badr Shakir al-Sayyab in Abu Al-Khaseeb, also rehabilitated as a dedicated museum. Undoubtedly, this experience faced numerous challenges in the fields of conservation, rehabilitation, and museum display. Nevertheless, these efforts have contributed to the development of historic house museums and reinforced their role. In conclusion, historic house museums represent an authentic embodiment of the cultural, artistic, and political features of their time. They serve as a repository of individual memory for their owners, collective memory for their local communities, and regional memory within a broader cultural context. Therefore, we recommend supporting the establishment of local and regional networks for historic house museums to enhance knowledge exchange, coordination, and cooperation, and to develop mechanisms for preservation, research, and cultural communication—ensuring the safeguarding of our enduring heritage.