Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the motor system due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain. This leads to impaired transmission of neural signals responsible for coordinating and controlling movement. The disease is characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Motor symptoms include resting tremor, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), muscle rigidity, and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms, on the other hand, include sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline. The severity of symptoms varies among patients and progressively worsens over time. Early diagnosis is a critical factor in improving disease outcomes, as it allows for timely therapeutic intervention in the early stages, helping to reduce symptom severity and delay progression. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on medical history and thorough neurological examination, supported by additional tests to rule out similar conditions. Modern technologies also play an important role in enhancing diagnostic accuracy. Although there is no definitive cure for Parkinson’s disease, a comprehensive treatment approach significantly helps in managing symptoms. Pharmacological treatment includes the use of Levodopa and dopamine agonists, which compensate for the reduced dopamine levels in the brain, thereby improving motor function and reducing tremor and rigidity. In addition, physical therapy is an essential component of the treatment plan, as it improves balance, increases muscle strength, enhances flexibility, and trains patients in proper movement strategies to reduce the risk of falls. It also helps improve the ability to perform daily activities and maintain functional independence. Furthermore, comprehensive rehabilitation programs—incorporating therapeutic exercises, functional training, and specialized movement interventions—play a vital role in patient care. Psychological support and health education for both patients and their families are also crucial in improving adaptation to the disease and reducing its psychological impact. Continuous follow-up and regular assessment of the patient’s condition contribute to adjusting the treatment plan according to disease progression. The integration of early diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and physical therapy represents a fundamental approach to improving patients’ quality of life and slowing disease progression. Al-Mustaqbal University, the first university in Iraq