Naïve art is generally defined as visual art created by a person who lacks the formal education and training typically received by a professional artist, particularly in anatomy, art history, technique, perspective, and methods of visual representation. When a trained artist imitates this aesthetic, the resulting work is sometimes referred to as Primitivism, Semi-Naïve Art, or Pseudo-Naïve Art. Unlike folk art, naïve art does not necessarily originate from a distinctive popular cultural context or tradition. In fact, particularly in developed economies and since the advent of the printing revolution, awareness of local fine-art traditions has been difficult to avoid, as these traditions have been disseminated through popular prints and other forms of media. Naïve artists are aware of the conventions of “fine art,” such as linear perspective and compositional conventions, but they are either unable to fully apply them or choose not to use them. In contrast, outsider art refers to works produced in a similar context but with only limited contact with the mainstream art world. Naïve art is known, and is often imitated, for its simplicity and childlike directness. Paintings in this style are usually characterized by a flat pictorial style and a primitive treatment of perspective. One of the most influential painters associated with naïve art is Henri Rousseau (1844–1910), a French Post-Impressionist artist whose work was discovered by Pablo Picasso. The definition of the term and its “boundaries” with related concepts such as folk art and outsider art have been the subject of debate. The term “naïve art” is generally used to describe forms of fine art, such as paintings and sculptures, created by self-taught artists, while works intended for practical or functional purposes are generally classified as folk art. However, this distinction has been disputed. Another term that may be used, particularly in relation to painting and architecture, is “provincial,” which is mainly used to describe works by artists who received traditional training but whose work, unintentionally, does not meet the standards associated with urban or courtly art. ### Characteristics Naïve art is often regarded as an unconventional form of art created by a person with little or no formal training or academic qualifications. Although this was particularly true before the twentieth century, academies and institutions dedicated to naïve art now exist. Naïve art is currently recognized as a fully established artistic genre and is exhibited in art galleries around the world. The characteristics of naïve art are closely related to its distinctive formal qualities, particularly its disregard for the three conventional rules of perspective established by Renaissance artists: * Objects decrease proportionally in size as their distance increases. * Colors become less intense with increasing distance. * The accuracy of details decreases with increasing distance. **The results include:** * Geometrically inaccurate perspective effects, resulting in disproportionate compositions, a childlike appearance, or an appearance reminiscent of medieval paintings, although the comparison ends at this point. * Extensive use of patterns and unrefined colors throughout the composition, without the gradual fading normally associated with background elements. * An equal level of detail throughout the artwork, including background details that would traditionally be simplified or shaded. * Simplicity rather than accuracy, which is generally considered one of the defining characteristics of naïve art. Nevertheless, naïve art has become such a recognizable and popular style that many examples can be described as semi-naïve. While the term **“naïve art”** accurately describes the work of an artist who received no formal education at an art school or academy, such as Henri Rousseau or Alfred Wallis, **“pseudo-naïve art”** or **“false naïve art”** describes work produced by an artist who adopts the style in a more deliberate or self-conscious manner. Such work may therefore be considered more imitative than genuinely naïve... Almustaqbal University, The First University in Iraq