Quantum computing is one of the promising technologies of the twenty-first century, with the potential to bring significant changes to the fields of information technology and cybersecurity. As reliance on digital systems and electronic services continues to grow, the importance of developing information protection methods and addressing emerging cyber threats becomes increasingly evident. Traditional computers rely on bits, which represent either zero or one, whereas quantum computers use quantum bits (qubits), which are based on the principles of quantum mechanics, such as superposition and quantum entanglement. These properties give quantum computers the potential to process certain complex problems in ways that differ from conventional computers. Cryptography is one of the key fields that may be affected by advances in quantum computing. In the future, advanced quantum computers could threaten certain encryption systems currently used to protect digital communications, financial transactions, and sensitive data. However, the extent of this impact will depend on the type of encryption system and the capabilities that quantum computers eventually achieve. To address these challenges, researchers are developing post-quantum cryptography, which aims to provide protection against attacks from both classical and quantum computers. Early preparation for these changes is also essential through the assessment of existing encryption systems and planning for the adoption of modern security standards, particularly to protect information that requires long-term confidentiality. At the same time, technologies such as quantum key distribution and artificial intelligence may contribute to strengthening certain aspects of cybersecurity by supporting secure communications, analyzing network traffic, and detecting abnormal patterns. Nevertheless, these technologies remain part of an integrated security framework that also requires addressing software vulnerabilities, protecting devices, and raising security awareness. Quantum computing represents both an opportunity and a challenge, highlighting the need to keep pace with scientific and technological developments and prepare for them in advance. Such efforts can contribute to strengthening information security and building a more reliable and secure digital environment.