Rumors are psychological and social phenomena that become particularly dangerous during crises, as individuals tend to seek information and explanations when fear, ambiguity, and uncertainty prevail. False information spreads rapidly when it aligns with people’s existing emotions or beliefs—a process facilitated by social media platforms, which allow content to be shared without verification. Furthermore, the constant repetition of a piece of information can make it appear more credible, even in the absence of reliable evidence. Rumors can heighten anxiety, erode trust in institutions, and incite social discord, thereby undermining both psychological and social stability. Consequently, it is essential to foster critical thinking and media literacy, encourage individuals to verify news sources before sharing, and ensure the provision of accurate, transparent information during crises. Combating rumors requires more than just correcting false reports; it necessitates building a society capable of distinguishing between truth and misinformation—a society that recognizes that sharing unverified information may propagate fear rather than knowledge. Al-Mustaqbal University: Ranked first among private universities in Iraq.